欧·亨利简介

　　OHenry(1825-1911),alsotranslatedAustrianHenry,formerlyknownasWilliamSidneyPorter,Americanshortnovelist,founderoftheAmericanmodernshortstory,itsmainworksare"Maggie'sgift","Policeandhymn","lastleaf","twentyyearslater"andsoon.

　　September11,1862,HenryHenrywasbornintheUnitedStatesNorthCarolinaGreensboro,hasworkedasabankclerk,pharmacistsandsoon.InFebruary1896,OuHenrywasimprisonedforallegationsofmisappropriationofpublicfundsandfledtoHonduras.In1898againinprison,begantopublishworks.In1902,HenryHenrymovedtoNewYorktobecomeaprofessionalwriter.OnJune5,1910,OHenrydiedoflivercirrhosisinNewYork.OuHenryandChekhovandMaupassantiedtheworld'sthreemajorshortstories,hasbeencriticizedastheManhattanlaurelprosewriterandthefatherofmodernAmericanshortstories,hisworksare"Americanlifeencyclopedia"reputation.

　　欧·亨利人物经历

　　September11,1862,HenryHenrywasbornintheUnitedStatesNorthCarolinaGreensboro,formerlyknownasWilliamSidneyPorter.

　　In1865,whenHenryHenrywasthreeyearsold,hismotherdiedoftuberculosis.Inthesameyear,heandhisfathermovedtohisgrandmother'shousetolive,andhewassenttoaprivateschoolrunbyhisbrother.Hewaslaterraisedbyhisgrandmotherandaunt,andhisauntinspiredhisloveforliterature.

　　In1876,HenryHenrygraduatedfromaunt'sprivateschool.Thenhewenttohighschooltostudy,butwasforcedtodropoutofschoolin1877,tohisuncle'spharmacyforfiveyearsapprentice.JuvenileHenryHenrylikestopaint,andquitetalent,hewasyoungwhentheywantedtobeapainter.

　　InMarch1882,adoctornamedJamesK.HallofGreensborosawthatHenryHenrywasinabadconditionandtookhimtoasheepfarminLassalleCounty,Texas.HenryHenrylikedthelifeofthewesternranch,wherehelivedfortwoyears.Hesometimeshelpstodotheshepherd,thechef,thebabycaregiver,andlearnfromsomeimmigrantsforsometimeinSpanishandGerman.

　　In1884,HenryHenrycametoAustin,livinginafellowhome,andinAustintofindajob.HenryHenryhaschangedthelivingconditionsofthepoorbysingers,dramatists,pharmacists,draftsmen,journalistsandtellers.Westernlifeinspiredhishumorouscells,andbecameanimportantmaterialforhislatershortstories.Hechangedhisambitionattheageof21anddecidedtobecomeawriter.

　　In1887,HenryHenryandAosolEstes(marriedtoAsoPorter)married,thesameyearinthe"Detroitfreepressandreal"publishedworks.

　　In1891,HenryHenrycametoAustinFirstNationalBankasacashier.

　　In1894,HenryHenryspent$250tobuyAustin'sweeklymagazine,renamedit"RollingStone",makingitahumorousmagazine.Heisbotheditorsandpublishers,writetheirownarticles,paintingtheirown.InOctoberthesameyear,thefederalbankinspectorfoundthattheaccountofEuropeHenryhadproblems,hehadtoresign.

　　InApril1895,ayearaftertheeditoroftheRollingStones,themagazinefailedcompletely,sothatHenryHenryreturnedthemagazinetotheoriginal.ThentheymovedtoHouston,whereHenryHenrywenttothe"HoustonPost"asajournalistandcolumnist.

　　InFebruary1896,EuroHenrywasprosecutedformisappropriationofpublicfunds,passedthetrialandwastemporarilyheld.Hisfather-in-lawwillbereleasedfromprison.Originally,HenryHenry'scasewasnotserious,buthefledtoNewOrleansonthedaybeforethesummons(July7,1896)andthenfledtoHonduras.HespentseveralmonthsatthehotelinTegucigalpa.Helearnedtohelphiminhisearlyyears,andhebeganwritingnovels"cabbageandkings"inHonduras.

　　InFebruary1897,OHenrywasinformedthathiswifesufferingfromtuberculosiswasincriticalconditionandreturnedtoAustin.Hewasarrestedimmediatelyafterreturninghome,butsoonagainbyfather-in-lawreleasedfromprison.OnJuly25,hiswife,AsoPorter,diedoftuberculosis.

　　InFebruary1898,OuHenrywasconvictedandsentencedtofiveyearsinprison.On25March,hecommencedhissentenceinfederalprisoninColumbus,Ohio.Duringhissentence,O.Henrywasaprisoner,andinordertomaintainhisdaughterandhislife,andforherdaughtertoschool,hebegantowriteshortstories.Inthesameyear,OHenrychangedhisnamefromWilliamSidneyPortertoWilliamSydneyPoter.

　　InDecember1899,hepublishedhisshortstory"TheWhistleKingDick'sChristmasSocks"inthe"Macquarie"magazine'sChristmasnumberwith"OHenry"asthepseudonym.HesentthenoveltohisfriendinNewOrleans,andhisfriendwasforwardedtothemagazine.Sincethen,hispennamebegantopayattentiontothereader.

　　In1901,threeyearsandthreemonthslater,OuHenrywasreleasedinprisonforgoodperformance.OnJuly24,hereunitedwithherdaughterinPittsburgh.

　　In1902,HenryHenrymovedtoNewYork,becameaprofessionalwriter,createdhundredsofexcellentshortstories.InNewYork,duetothepublicationofalargenumberofmasterpieces,hefameandfortune,andsometimesbyjournalists.Buthenotonlysquandered,butgambling,andinfectedwithhisfather'sabuseofalcoholism.Theindulgenceofwritingandtheincompetenceoflifemadehisbodyseverelydamaged.

　　In1904,HenryHenrypublishedtheonlynovelinhislife"cabbageandkings",whichisaloosestructureofpoliticalsatire,sometimesalsoregardedasshortstories.

　　In1906,EuroHenrypublishedashortstorycollectionof"fourmillion".

　　In1908heporcedhissecondwife,SarahLindsayColeman.Hiseconomicsituationbegantobad,inordertoalleviatethepressureoflife,hehadtoquicklycreatenovelstopayroyalties,whichalsoledtothequalityofhisworksuneven.Heoftendrinkssixdaysaweek,gambling,theseventhdaytospendadaytowriteashortstory,andthentothemagazinepublished.Inthesameyear,hepublishedtheshortstorycollection"CityVoice"and"thelastleaf".

　　In1909,HenryHenrypublishedashortstorycollection"TheRoadtoDestiny".

　　In1910,OuHenrycreatedthe"redhairchiefsransom".OnJune3,HenryHenryfellillinwritinghislastshortstory"Dream"inhislife.OnJune5,HenryHenrydiedofcirrhosis.HisfuneralwasheldinNewYork,wherehewasburiedinAsheville,NorthCarolina.